Understanding PCOS
- Reviewed by: Jasy Yin, NP — Licensed Nurse Practitioner specializing in women’s health and telehealth care.
What Is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a condition that involves hormonal imbalance and irregular ovulation. People with PCOS often have higher levels of androgens, hormones that are typically present in smaller amounts. This imbalance can affect the menstrual cycle and may contribute to symptoms such as acne, unwanted hair growth, or irregular periods.
The term “polycystic” refers to the appearance of the ovaries on an ultrasound, which may show small fluid-filled sacs. However, not everyone with PCOS has cysts, and not everyone with ovarian cysts has PCOS.
PCOS is a long-term condition that can affect reproductive, metabolic, and emotional health, but with understanding and consistent care, symptoms can often be managed effectively.
What Causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully known, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Some possible contributors include:
Hormonal imbalance: Increased levels of androgens can interfere with regular ovulation.
Insulin resistance: When the body has difficulty using insulin efficiently, it can trigger higher insulin and androgen levels.
Genetics: PCOS can run in families, suggesting that inherited traits play a role.
Lifestyle factors: Nutrition, physical activity, and stress may influence hormone regulation and symptom severity.
Understanding these factors can help individuals make informed decisions about lifestyle and medical care.
Common Symptoms
PCOS can present in many different ways. Some people experience only a few symptoms, while others notice a wider range of changes.
Common signs include:
Irregular or missed menstrual periods
Acne or oily skin
Excess hair growth on the face or body (hirsutism)
Thinning hair on the scalp
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Darkened skin in body folds (such as the neck or underarms)
Mood changes, fatigue, or difficulty sleeping
Because these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider for evaluation.
How PCOS Is Evaluated
PCOS cannot be diagnosed from symptoms alone. Healthcare providers may use a combination of medical history, physical examination, and tests to evaluate hormone balance and ovarian function.
1. Laboratory Tests
Blood tests can help measure hormone levels, including:
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to assess ovulation patterns.
Androgen levels (such as testosterone or DHEA-S) to check for elevated male hormones.
Thyroid and prolactin tests to rule out other hormone conditions that mimic PCOS.
Fasting glucose and insulin levels to check for insulin resistance or metabolic imbalance.
These results help guide conversations about next steps and management strategies.
2. Pelvic Ultrasound
A transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound can help visualize the ovaries and uterus. Some people with PCOS show multiple small follicles on the ovaries.
In certain cases, clinicians may use Doppler ultrasound imaging to evaluate blood flow patterns around the ovaries.
Doppler studies can help assess ovarian circulation, which may provide additional insight into hormonal and vascular activity.
Not all individuals require this test, but it can complement standard imaging when more detailed evaluation is needed.
These tools are part of a broader assessment and are interpreted by licensed healthcare professionals within the context of your overall health.
Why Early Awareness Matters
Recognizing potential PCOS symptoms early can support better long-term outcomes. Hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance, if unaddressed, may increase the risk of:
Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure or cholesterol
Endometrial changes due to irregular cycles
Mood disorders such as anxiety or depression
Awareness encourages proactive care and lifestyle adjustments that protect both reproductive and metabolic health.
Self-Care and Lifestyle Support
Although lifestyle changes cannot replace medical evaluation, they can complement care and support hormone balance:
Eat balanced meals rich in whole grains, lean protein, and fiber.
Reduce added sugars and refined carbohydrates.
Engage in regular movement such as walking, yoga, or strength training.
Manage stress through breathing exercises, journaling, or meditation.
Prioritize quality sleep and maintain a regular schedule.
Track menstrual cycles and symptoms to share with your provider.
Even gradual, sustainable habits can positively influence hormones, metabolism, and energy levels.
Emotional and Mental Well-Being
Living with hormonal symptoms can affect mood and self-esteem. Emotional support, counseling, and community connections can make a meaningful difference. Joining PCOS support groups or talking openly with healthcare professionals helps reduce isolation and encourages holistic care.
When to Discuss PCOS With a Clinician
It may be helpful to discuss PCOS with a healthcare professional if you experience:
Irregular or absent menstrual cycles
Difficulty with fertility or conception
Unexplained weight changes
Persistent acne or hair growth concerns
Mood or energy changes that affect daily life
A clinician can review your history, order appropriate tests, and help you explore care options that match your individual needs.
Take the Next Step With QuickStop Health
PCOS is a complex hormonal condition, but knowledge brings clarity and confidence. Understanding how hormones, metabolism, and lifestyle interact helps individuals make informed choices that support long-term well-being.
Every person’s experience with PCOS is unique. With compassionate care, patient education, and steady support, you can navigate this journey with confidence and hope. At QuickStop Health, our licensed providers are here to guide you toward understanding your symptoms and finding the care that fits your needs — from the comfort of home.
This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with any questions about your health.
Reviewed by: Jasy Yin, NP, Licensed Nurse Practitioner specializing in women’s health